Arm Angles in American Sign Language: A Study of Proximal Articulation in Signed Discourse

Here is something I did not expect to discover while writing a textbook about American Sign Language. The shoulder knows things the hand cannot say.

That sentence sounds like metaphor. It is not. It is linguistics, documented and measurable, and it has been sitting in plain sight for as long as deaf people have been signing to each other. The position of the arm, the engagement of the shoulder, the extension or contraction of the elbow: these carry meaning. Not incidental meaning. Not decorative meaning. Semantic meaning that changes what a sign communicates even when the handshape stays exactly the same.

Consider what this implies about how consciousness expresses itself through the body.

We tend to think of language as something that happens in the head. Words form in the mind and then exit through the mouth, or through the fingers if we are typing, but the origin point is cognitive, neural, somewhere behind the eyes where the self is supposed to live. The body is just the delivery system. The meaning is elsewhere.

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The Kinship of Strangers: When Science Dissolves the Boundaries We Need

What does it mean to discover that you are kin to strangers? Not metaphorically kin, not spiritually connected, but genetically linked in ways that contradict everything you were taught about who your people are and who they are not?

This is the question at the center of my new novel, "The Kinship of Strangers," the third book in the Fractional Fiction series. And it is a question that has no comfortable answer, which is precisely why I needed to write about it.

We live in an age of genetic revelation. For less than a hundred dollars, you can spit into a tube and receive, six weeks later, a percentage breakdown of your ancestry. You can discover relatives you never knew existed. You can trace your maternal line back through mitochondrial DNA and your paternal line through Y-chromosome markers. The technology is remarkable. What we do with the information it provides is another matter entirely.

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The Inheritance and the Body's Archive

Your grandmother was frightened before you were born.

Not in the ordinary way that people are frightened, the startle at a loud noise or the anxiety before a difficult conversation. I mean something more precise. Decades before your parents met, before you existed as even a possibility, your grandmother experienced something that changed her at the molecular level. Methyl groups attached themselves to specific locations on her DNA. Genes that had been active went quiet. Genes that had been quiet began to speak. And that alteration, that chemical annotation of experience, passed forward.

You carry it now.

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The Dying Grove: Mind Beneath the Soil

There is a forest in the Pacific Northwest that has been thinking for four thousand years.

I want you to sit with that sentence for a moment. Not to dismiss it as metaphor, not to immediately qualify it with objections about anthropomorphization or the hard problem of consciousness. Just to consider: what would it mean if something could think without a brain? What would it mean if memory could persist across millennia without neurons, without synapses, without anything we recognize as architecture for thought?

This is not speculation. This is what the science of mycorrhizal networks has been revealing for the past three decades. Underground, beneath every forest floor you have ever walked, fungal threads thinner than human hair connect trees into communication systems of staggering complexity. A single cubic inch of forest soil contains enough mycorrhizal threads to stretch for miles if laid end to end. These threads carry chemical signals, nutrients, water, and information. When one tree is attacked by insects, it sends chemical warnings through the network to other trees, which then begin producing defensive compounds before any pest has touched them. Mother trees preferentially channel resources to their offspring, recognizing kin through molecular signatures we are only beginning to decode.

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The Wound Remains Faithful: A Human Meme Podcast

There is a particular cruelty in forgetting. We dress it up in softer language. We call it moving on, healing, closure. We treat forgetting as the natural conclusion to grief, as though memory were a wound that needs to close rather than a responsibility that demands tending. But some wounds are not meant to close. Some wounds remain faithful precisely because closing them would constitute a second violence, an erasure layered upon the original harm.

I have written a novel called "The Wound Remains Faithful: A Tragedy of Nora." It took me more than fifty years to write it, though I did not know I was writing it for most of that time. The book concerns a seventeen-year-old girl named Nora who walks out her front door one August morning and never comes home. She writes poems in a notebook hidden under her mattress. She has never seen the ocean. She will never see it now. What follows in the novel is not an investigation in any conventional sense. There is no detective piecing together clues. There is no satisfying revelation in the final act. What follows instead is the aftermath: the weeks of silence, the months of waiting, the decades during which a family is destroyed by grief while a community learns, slowly and deliberately, to forget.

 

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Hand Against the Father

This is the particular tragedy of sons against fathers. The father does not see it coming. The father still thinks of the son as his child, as someone he made, as someone who carries his hopes. The father may have failed the son in a hundred ways. The father may have been imperious, neglectful, demanding, disappointed. But the father did not expect the blade. The father was still, in some part of himself, waiting for the reconciliation, for the return of the prodigal, for the moment when the son would finally understand.

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Martha's Vineyard Sign Language

Martha's Vineyard. You know it now as a summer retreat for the wealthy, a place of pristine beaches and celebrity sightings. But between the late seventeenth century and the middle of the twentieth, something happened there that challenges everything we think we know about disability, about language, about what it means to belong.

It began with a gene. Families from the Weald, a forested region in Kent, England, emigrated to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the 1600s. They were Puritans seeking religious freedom, and they carried with them, unknowingly, a recessive genetic trait for congenital Deafness. In 1694, a carpenter and farmer named Jonathan Lambert arrived on Martha's Vineyard with his hearing wife. Two of their seven children would be born Deaf. They were the first, but they would not be the last.

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